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1 experimental vessel
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > experimental vessel
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2 experimental vessel
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3 experimental vessel
1) Морской термин: экспериментальное судно2) Техника: опытовое судно -
4 experimental vessel
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5 experimental vessel
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6 vessel
1) сосуд
2) судно
3) корабль
4) корабельный
5) баллонный
6) резервуар
7) бутыль
– bleaching vessel
– cargo vessel
– catching vessel
– charter vessel
– coasting vessel
– containment vessel
– converter vessel
– discharge vessel
– drilling vessel
– experimental vessel
– extraction vessel
– fishing vessel
– high-pressure vessel
– hospital vessel
– launch vessel
– lay down vessel
– lay up vessel
– measuring vessel
– nuclear-powered vessel
– patrol vessel
– pressure vessel
– raise vessel
– reactor vessel
– rescue vessel
– screw vessel
– seed vessel
– separation vessel
– settling vessel
– shoulder of vessel
– silica-lined vessel
– sports vessel
– steel-making vessel
– surface vessel
– trim vessel
– vessel is in distress
– vessel mouth
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7 vessel
1) баллон; бутыль2) корабль || корабельный3) резервуар4) сосуд5) судно•- fishery research vessel -
8 experimental
1) экспериментальный
2) опытовой
3) опытовый
4) опытный
5) основанный на опыте
6) испытательный
7) испытываемый
8) пробный
9) измеренный
– experimental aircraft
– experimental car
– experimental chemistry
– experimental conditions
– experimental data
– experimental design
– experimental equipment
– experimental error
– experimental investigation
– experimental tank
– experimental technique
– experimental verification
– experimental vessel
– gravitation experimental
experimental design office — <engin.> бюро конструкторское опытное
gravitation experimental tank — гравитационный опытовый бассейн
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9 experimental torpedo trials vessel
Морской термин: опытовое судно испытания торпедУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > experimental torpedo trials vessel
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10 experimental torpedo trials vessel
English-Russian marine dictionary > experimental torpedo trials vessel
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11 опытовое судно
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > опытовое судно
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12 pilot
ˈpaɪlət
1. сущ.
1) лицо, имеющее квалификацию для управления кораблями или самолетами, а также регулирования курса водных и воздушных судов а) лоцман б) авиац. летчик, пилот airline pilot ≈ летчик гражданской авиации commercial pilot ≈ летчик гражданской авиации fighter pilot ≈ летчик-истребитель glider pilot ≈ планерист helicopter pilot ≈ вертолетчик, пилот вертолета kamikaze pilot ≈ камикадзе, японский летчик-смертник pilot pilot ≈ парашютист test pilot ≈ летчик-испытатель
2) рулевой, кормчий Syn: helmsman
3) а) гид, проводник Syn: guide б) лидер, руководитель Syn: leader
4) предохранительная решетка локомотива Syn: cowcatcher
5) амер.;
ж.-д. скотосбрасыватель
6) тех. вспомогательный клапан, механизм
7) первый, пробный выпуск программы или передачи;
пилотный выпуск
8) контрольная лампа Syn: pilot light
2. прил.
1) опытный, пробный;
экспериментальный;
предварительный a pilot programme ≈ тлв. пилотный (первый) выпуск программы, передачи The service is being expanded following the success of a pilot scheme. ≈ Служба будет расширена благодаря успеху экспериментальной версии. pilot plant pilot model Syn: experimental, initial
2) лоцманский;
штурманский pilot boat pilot chart
3. гл.
1) а) вести, управлять;
направлять, пилотировать With great skill, he piloted the boat in/into the little harbour. ≈ С большим искусством он завел корабль в маленькую гавань. Syn: guide
2. б) выбрать курс (корабля, самолета и т.д.)
2) быть проводником, гидом Syn: guide
2. ∙ pilot through( морское) лоцман - coast( ing) /inshore, hobbling, branch/ * прибрежный лоцман - dock /harbour, mud/ * портовый лоцман - to take on a * взять лоцмана - to drop the * отпустить лоцмана летчик, пилот;
штурман - airline * летчик гражданской авиации - fighter * летчик-истребитель - test * летчик-испытатель - licensed /qualified, certified/ * летчик, допущенный к полетам /имеющий соответствующее удостоверение/ - * on alert, alert * дежурный летчик (the P.) (разговорное) командир штурманской боевой части проводник, вожак - to travel without a * путешествовать без проводника кормчий (американизм) (сленг) руководитель спортивной команды;
менеджер( американизм) (сленг) жокей( разговорное) пробное мероприятие;
мероприятие, проводимое в виде опыта (разговорное) пробная, экспериментальная постановка( пьесы, оперы, балета и т. п.) (разговорное) пробный показ спектакля в провинции (до показа в столице, крупном городе) (телевидение) пробная серия многосерийного телефильма (демонстрируется для привлечения рекламодателей) - a * is now being filmed сейчас ведутся пробные съемки (техническое) вспомогательный, регулирующий, управляющий механизм;
(автоматический) регулятор сокр. от pilot boat (морское) лоцманское судно;
лоцманский бот сокр. от pilot engine( техническое) вспомогательный двигатель;
(железнодорожное) снегоочиститель сокр. от pilot burner маленькая, постоянно включенная горелка (напр., у газовой колонки) (железнодорожное) предохранительная решетка (впереди локомотива) ;
скотосбрасыватель > to drop the * отказаться от верного и ценного советчика опытный, пробный;
экспериментальный - * launch пробный /опытный/ (за) пуск - * project опытная /экспериментальная/ разработка - * lot пробная партия - on a * basis в виде опыта, в порядке эксперимента, для пробы - * system( компьютерное) экспериментальная версия системы;
прототип предварительный - * survey предварительное обследование - * scheme наметки плана;
в порядке( предварительного) обсуждения натурный( об эксперименте) регулирующий, направляющий - * star путеводная звезда( техническое) вспомогательный - * switch переключатель /кнопка/ управления;
вспомогательный /концевой/ выключатель лоцманский;
штурманский - * wheel штурвал вести, пилотировать - to * a plane пилотировать самолет;
управлять самолетом - to * a vessel through a strait провести судно через пролив - to * a bill (американизм) провести законопроект через палату направлять;
прокладывать путь - to * a ship прокладывать курс корабля - to * one's way прокладывать себе дорогу вести, быть проводником;
направлять - to * smb. across the street помочь кому-л. перейти улицу - he *ed us to the caves он показал нам дорогу /проводил нас/ к пещерам - the manager *ed us through the factory управляющий показал нам фабрику /провел нас по фабрике/ ~ chart ав. аэронавигационная карта;
to drop the pilot отвергнуть верного советчика harbour ~ портовый пилот pilot быть проводником ~ вести, управлять, пилотировать ~ вести, управлять;
пилотировать;
to pilot one's way прокладывать себе дорогу ~ вспомогательный ~ тех. вспомогательный клапан, механизм ~ контрольный ~ поэт. кормчий ~ летчик ~ лоцман ~ лоцман ~ суд. лоцман ~ направлять ~ опытный ~ опытный проводник ~ ав. пилот, летчик ~ пилот, летчик ~ пилот ~ пилотировать ~ пробный ~ регулирующий ~ сигнальный ~ амер. ж.-д. скотосбрасыватель ~ экспериментальный ~ attr. лоцманский;
штурманский;
pilotboat лоцманский катер ~ chart ав. аэронавигационная карта;
to drop the pilot отвергнуть верного советчика ~ вести, управлять;
пилотировать;
to pilot one's way прокладывать себе дорогу ~ plant опытный завод, опытная установка;
pilot model опытная модель ~ attr. лоцманский;
штурманский;
pilotboat лоцманский катер professional ~ профессиональный пилот sky ~ sl священник, особ. капеллан test ~ летчик-испытатель -
13 operation
1) работа; функционирование2) матем. действие3) эксплуатация4) (технологическая) операция; процесс; цикл ( обработки)6) управление7) вчт. операция; команда8) предприятие•-
abnormal operation
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acquisition operation
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aerial operation
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aerial survey operation
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aerial work operation
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aerobatics operation
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aerospace operations
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air-bumped-and-rinse operation
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aircraft operations
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air-lift well operation
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airport facilities operation
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alignment operation
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all-weather operations
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AND operation
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approach operation
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arithmetic operation
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artificial-lift well operation
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associated fire control operation
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asynchronous operation
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attached operation
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attempted operation
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attended operation
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authorized operation
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automated operation
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automatic block operation
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averaging operation
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background operation
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batch operation
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bidirectional operation
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bilevel operation
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binary operation
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bistable operation
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bitwise operation
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bit operation
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blanking operation
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blasting operation
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blocking-off operation
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bookkeeping operations
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Boolean operation
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both-way operation
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brake test operation
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braking operation
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branch operation
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breaking operation
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bytewise operation
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byte operation
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cable operation
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Carnot operation
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carrier-recovery operation
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cation-anion operation
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caving operations
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cavitation-free operation
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centralized operation
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channel operation
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check operation
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chipping-and-hauling operation
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class A operation
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class B operation
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class C operation
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climb to cruise operation
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closing operation
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CNC operation
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cocurrent operation
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coded operation
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co-frequency operation
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cold end operation
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commercial operation
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comparison operation
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complete operation
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concurrent operation
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conjunction operation
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continual harvesting operations
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continuous operation
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continuous-wave operation
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control operation
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counter-current operation
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critical operation
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cutting operation
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cycle operation
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declarative operation
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decrement operation
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demonstration operation
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dependent manual operation
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dependent power operation
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diplex operation
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disjunction operation
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diversity operation
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docked operation
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docking operations
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domestic operations
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double-track operation
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dredging operations
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dressing operation
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drifting operation
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drilling and blasting operations
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drilling operation
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dual operation
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dual-point operation
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duplex operation
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dyadic operation
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emergency operation
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engine run-up operation
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en-route operation
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except operation
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exclusive OR operation
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experimental operation
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explosionproof operation
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face operations
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fail-safe operation
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fail-soft operation
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failure-free operation
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false operation
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fault tolerant operation
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faulty operation
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felling operation
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ferry operation
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field operation
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final felling operations
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finite reflux operation
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fire control operation
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fixed-cycle operation
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fixed-point operation
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flashing operation
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floating-point operation
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flowing well operation
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foreground operation
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forest harvesting operations
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free-flier operation
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free-flying operation
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freight operation
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fretting operation
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fringe operation
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full tree operations
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full-duplex operation
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gas-lift well operation
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gate operation
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general aviation operations
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generic operation
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get-home engine operation
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half-duplex operation
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hands-off operation
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harvesting operations
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hauling operation
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helicopter logging operation
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high-gain operation
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high-speed operation
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hot end operation
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hot-stick operation
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housekeeping operation
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hydropacker plunger lift well operation
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idling engine operation
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IF-THEN operation
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illegal operation
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impeded harmonic operation
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implication operation
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in-channel operation
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increment operation
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independent manual operation
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individual-point operation
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indoor operation
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infinite reflux operation
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in-phase operation
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input/output operation
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instruction operation
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instrument flight rules operation
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integer operation
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international operations
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iterative operation
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jump operation
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kernel operation
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kiln operation
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lagging power factor operation
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landing operation
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large-scale space operations
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large-signal operation
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leading power factor operation
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leveling operation
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level-off operation
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linear operation
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lock-on operation
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logging operations
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logical operation
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loop operation
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low flying operation
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low-effort operation
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low-gain operation
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lumbering operation
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machine operation
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machining operation
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maintenance operation
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manual operation
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marginal operation
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measuring operation
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mechanical operation
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mechanized logging operations
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melting operation
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mill operation
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minimally-manned operation
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minimal operation
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model operation
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monadic operation
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monostable operation
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move operation
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multicarrier operation
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multimode operation
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multiple operation
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multiple-stream operation
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multiple-unit operation
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multiplex operation
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NAND operation
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no operation
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no-load operation
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noncentralized operation
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noncommercial operations
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noncondensing operation
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nonextraction operation
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nonfailure operation
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nonresiduum operation
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nonscheduled operations
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nonslagging operation
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NOR operation
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normal pump operation
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NOT operation
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NOT-AND operation
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NOT-OR operation
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off-design operation
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off-line operation
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one-shot operation
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one-step operation
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on-line operation
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on-off operation
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open-air operation
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open-hearth operation
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opening operation
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OR operation
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outdoor operation
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overburden operations
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packet-mode operation
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packet-switching operation
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parallel operation
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partial reflux operation
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passenger operations
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peak load operation
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pleasure operation
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point operation
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point-to-point operation
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positioning operation
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post-drill operation
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post-fault operation
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power patrol operation
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power station operation
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power system operation
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practice operation
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predrill operation
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primitive operation
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products pipeline operation
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pull-in operation
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pulse laser operation
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pulsed operation
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punched tape operation
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push-pull operation
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push-push operation
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quadrature operation
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quantizing operation
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quarry operation
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rafting operation
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read operation
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real-time operation
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refusing operation
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remote operation
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rendezvous operations
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repetitive operation
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rescue operations
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reservoir operation
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retarder operation
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rotorcraft operations
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rough engine operation
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run-of-river operation
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scale operation
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scheduled operation
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search operation
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self-contained and self-monitored operation
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semifinish operation
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sensory operation
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settling operation
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shift operation
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shunting operation
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signal operation
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simplex operation
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simultaneous operation
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single-block operation
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single-contact operation
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single-mode operation
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single-pulse operation
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single-step operation
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sinking operation
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slag-free operation
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slag-tap operation
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slightly manned operation
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small-signal operation
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solo supervised operation
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solo operation
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speed range operation
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spike operation
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stable operation
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staggered-parallel operation
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standby operation
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starting engine operation
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start-stop operation
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staying operation
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steady operation
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steaming operation
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steelmaking operation
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step-and-repeat operation
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step-by-step operation
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stitch transfer operation
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stone-free operation
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storage operation
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straight gas-lift well operation
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string operation
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studio operation
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stump wood operation
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suppressed-carrier operation
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switch operation
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switching operation
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synchronous operation
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tap-change operation
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taxing operation
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terminal operation
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test operation
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thinning operations
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threading operation
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throttled engine operation
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timber-harvesting operations
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total reflux operation
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touchdown operation
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track-while-scan operation
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training operation
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transfer operation
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transient operation
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tree length operations
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trial operation
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trouble-free operation
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turbine operation
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two-shift operation
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two-vessel operation
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typical operation
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unary operation
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unattended operation
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unauthorized operation
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underground operation
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undocked operation
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undocking operations
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uninterrupted operation
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unmanned operation
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unthrottled engine operation
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variable-load operation
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vertical rotorcraft operation
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water-system operation
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well operation
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whole tree operations
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wide-open throttle operation
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word operation
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working operation
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write operation
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yard operation
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year-round operations -
14 pilot
1. n мор. лоцман2. n лётчик, пилот; штурман3. n разг. командир штурманской боевой части4. n проводник, вожак5. n поэт. кормчий6. n амер. сл. руководитель спортивной команды; менеджер7. n амер. сл. жокей8. n разг. пробное мероприятие; мероприятие, проводимое в виде опытаpilot census — пробная перепись; контрольная перепись
9. n разг. пробная, экспериментальная постановка10. n разг. пробный показ спектакля в провинции11. n разг. тех. вспомогательный, регулирующий, управляющий механизм; регулятор12. n разг. ж. -д. предохранительная решётка; скотосбрасыватель13. a опытный, пробный; экспериментальный14. a предварительный15. a натурный16. a регулирующий, направляющий17. a лоцманский; штурманскийpilot chart — лоцманская карта; лоция
18. v вести, пилотироватьto pilot a plane — пилотировать самолёт; управлять самолётом
19. v направлять; прокладывать путь20. v вести, быть проводником; направлятьСинонимический ряд:1. trial (adj.) experimental; tentative; test; trial2. aviator (noun) aerial navigator; aeronaut; airman; astronaut; aviator; birdman; co-pilot; driver; flier; fly-boy3. guide (noun) captain; chief; conductor; director; guide; head; mentor; scout; tour guide4. leader (noun) bellwether; dean; doyen; lead; leader5. steersman (noun) coxswain; helmsman; man at the wheel; navigator; steersman; wheelman6. drive (verb) auto; charioteer; drive; motor; tool; wheel7. guide (verb) conduct; direct; escort; fly; guide; lead; manage; manoeuvre; navigate; route; run; see; shepherd; show; steer; usherАнтонимический ряд:crew; established; follower -
15 submarine
1. n подводная лодка; субмарина2. n морское растениеsubmarine chaser — морской охотник, противолодочный корабль
3. n морское животное4. n амер. «субмарина»submarine of the Ohio class — субмарина класса "Огайо"
5. a подводный6. v потопить подводными лодками7. v атаковать подводными лодками8. v управлять подводной лодкойСинонимический ряд:1. subaquatic (adj.) subaquatic; subaqueous; underwater2. pirate ship (noun) brigantine; corsair; mosquito boat; pirate ship; privateer; raider; ship; torpedo boat; U-boat -
16 tank
1. n водоём; резервуар2. n цистерна, бак, чанpetrol tank, gas tank — бензобак
store tank — бак-хранилище; складской бак; складская емкость
3. n фото бачок для проявления4. n реакторtreatment tank — реактор; пропиточный бак
5. n отсек6. n мор. опытный бассейн7. n элк. колебательный контур8. n информ. вчт. накопитель9. v наливать в бак10. v сохранять в бакеtank "full" mark — отметка верхнего уровня топливного бака
11. v обрабатывать в баке12. n воен. танкflail tank — танк-заградитель, танк с бойковым тралом
13. v разг. идти напроломСинонимический ряд:receptacle (noun) basin; cistern; container; holding pond; pool; receptacle; reservoir; store; supply; tub; vat; vessel -
17 Carrel, Alexis
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 28 June 1873 Lyon, Franced. 5 November 1944 Paris, France[br]French surgeon and experimental biologist, pioneer of blood-vessel repair techniques and "in vitro" tissue culture.[br]He entered the university of Lyon as a medical student in 1890, but although attached to the Chasseurs Alpins as a surgeon, and to the department of anatomy, he did not qualify as a doctor until 1900. Soon after, he developed an interest in the repair of blood vessels and reported his first successes in 1902.In consequence of local political difficulties he left for Paris, and after a further year, in 1904, he became Assistant in Physiology at the University of Chicago. His further development of vascular surgical advances led to organ transplants in animals. By 1908 he had moved to in vitro cultivation of heart tissue from a chick embryo (a culture of which, in the care of an assistant, outlived him).He returned to service in the French Army in 1914 and was associated with Dakin in developing the irrigation treatment of infected wounds. In 1930 he initiated a programme aimed at the cultivation of whole organs, and with the assistance of a pump developed by Charles Lindbergh he succeeded in maintaining thyroid gland and kidney tissue for some weeks. Something of a mystic, Carrel returned to France in 1939 to head his Institute for the Study of Human Problems.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology 1912.Bibliography1911, "The surgery of blood vessels", Johns Hopkins Bulletin.1911, "Rejuvenation of cultures of tissues", Journal of the American Medical Association.1938, The Culture of Organs, New York. 1938, Man the Unknown, New York.Further ReadingR.Soupault, 1952, Alexis Carrel. 1873–1944, Paris (contains full bibliography of papers).MG -
18 Laval, Carl Gustaf Patrik de
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology, Electricity, Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. 9 May 1845 Orsa, Swedend. 2 February 1913 Stockholm, Sweden[br]Swedish inventor of an advanced cream separator and a steam turbine.[br]Gustaf de Laval was educated at the Stockholm Technical Institute and Uppsala University. He proved to have an unfailing vigour and variety in his inventive talent, for his interests ranged from electric lighting and electrometallurgy to aerodynamics. In the 1890s he employed over one hundred engineers to develop his inventions, but he was best known for two: the cream separator and a steam turbine. In 1877 he invented the high-speed centrifugal cream separator, which was probably the greatest advance in butter-making up to that time. By 1880 the separators were being successfully marketed all over the world, for they were quickly adopted in larger dairies where they effected enormous savings in labour and space. He followed this with various devices for the dairy industry, including a vacuum milking machine perfected in 1913. In c. 1882, de Laval invented a turbine on the principle of Hero's engine, but he quickly turned his attention to the impulse type, which was like Branca's, with a jet of steam impinging on a set of blades around the periphery of a wheel. He applied for a British patent in 1889. The steam was expanded in a single stage from the initial to the final pressure: to secure economy with the steam issuing at high velocity, the blades also had to rotate at high velocity. An early 5 hp (3.7 kW) turbine rotated at 30,000 rpm, so reduction gearing had to be introduced. Production started in Sweden in 1893 and in other countries at about the same time. In 1892 de Laval proposed employing one of his turbines of 15 hp (11 kW) in an experimental launch, but there is no evidence that it was ever actually installed in a vessel. However, his turbines were popular for powering electric generating sets for lighting textile mills and ships, and by 1900 were available in sizes up to 300 bhp (224 kW).[br]Bibliography1889, British patent no. 7,143 (steam turbine).Further ReadingT.Althin, 1943, Life of de Laval, Stockholm (a full biography).T.I.Williams (ed.), 1969, A Biographical Dictionary of Scientists, London: A. \& C. Black (contains a brief biography).R.M.Neilson, 1902, The Steam Turbine, London: Longmans, Green \& Co. (fully covers the development of de Laval's steam turbine).H.W.Dickinson, 1938, A Short History of the Steam Engine, Cambridge University Press (contains a short account of the development of the steam turbine).R.L.Hills, 1989, Power from Steam. A History of the Stationary Steam Engine, Cambridge University Press (contains a short account).RLHBiographical history of technology > Laval, Carl Gustaf Patrik de
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19 Maxwell, James Clerk
[br]b. 13 June 1831 Edinburgh, Scotlandd. 5 November 1879 Cambridge, England[br]Scottish physicist who formulated the unified theory of electromagnetism, the kinetic theory of gases and a theory of colour.[br]Maxwell attended school at the Edinburgh Academy and at the age of 16 went on to study at Edinburgh University. In 1850 he entered Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated four years later as Second Wrangler with the award of the Smith's Prize. Two years later he was appointed Professor at Marischal College, Aberdeen, where he married the Principal's daughter. In 1860 he moved to King's College London, but on the death of his father five years later, Maxwell returned to the family home in Scotland, where he continued his researches as far as the life of a gentleman farmer allowed. This rural existence was interrupted in 1874 when he was persuaded to accept the chair of Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics at Cambridge. Unfortunately, in 1879 he contracted the cancer that brought his brilliant career to an untimely end. While at Cambridge, Maxwell founded the Cavendish Laboratory for research in physics. A succession of distinguished physicists headed the laboratory, making it one of the world's great centres for notable discoveries in physics.During the mid-1850s, Maxwell worked towards a theory to explain electrical and magnetic phenomena in mathematical terms, culminating in 1864 with the formulation of the fundamental equations of electromagnetism (Maxwell's equations). These equations also described the propagation of light, for he had shown that light consists of transverse electromagnetic waves in a hypothetical medium, the "ether". This great synthesis of theories uniting a wide range of phenomena is worthy to set beside those of Sir Isaac Newton and Einstein. Like all such syntheses, it led on to further discoveries. Maxwell himself had suggested that light represented only a small part of the spectrum of electromagnetic waves, and in 1888 Hertz confirmed the discovery of another small part of the spectrum, radio waves, with momentous implications for the development of telecommunication technology. Maxwell contributed to the kinetic theory of gases, which by then were viewed as consisting of a mass of randomly moving molecules colliding with each other and with the walls of the containing vessel. From 1869 Maxwell applied statistical methods to describe the molecular motion in mathematical terms. This led to a greater understanding of the behaviour of gases, with important consequences for the chemical industry.Of more direct technological application was Maxwell's work on colour vision, begun in 1849, showing that all colours could be derived from the three primary colours, red, yellow and blue. This enabled him in 1861 to produce the first colour photograph, of a tartan. Maxwell's discoveries about colour vision were quickly taken up and led to the development of colour printing and photography.[br]BibliographyMost of his technical papers are reprinted in The Scientific Papers of J.Clerk Maxwell, 1890, ed. W.D.Niven, Cambridge, 2 vols; reprinted 1952, New York.Maxwell published several books, including Theory of Heat, 1870, London (1894, 11th edn, with notes by Lord Rayleigh) and Theory of Electricity and Magnetism, 1873, Oxford (1891, ed. J.J.Thomson, 3rd edn).Further ReadingL.Campbell and W.Garnett, 1882, The Life of James Clerk Maxwell, London (the standard biography).J.J.Thomson (ed.), 1931, James Clerk Maxwell 1831–1931, Cambridge. J.G.Crowther, 1932, British Scientists of the Nineteenth Century, London.LRD -
20 Miller, Patrick
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 1731 Glasgow, Scotlandd. 9 December 1815 Dalswinton, Dumfriesshire, Scotland[br]Scottish merchant and banker, early experimenter in powered navigation and in ship form.[br]In his own words, Patrick Miller was "without a sixpence" in his early youth; this is difficult to prove one way or another as he ended his life as Director and Deputy Governor of the Bank of Scotland. One thing is clear however, that from his earliest days, in common with most of his counterparts of the late eighteenth century, he was interested in experimental and applied science. Having acquired a substantial income from other sources, Miller was able to indulge his interest in ships and engineering. His first important vessel was the trimaran Edinburgh, designed by him and launched at Leith in 1786. Propulsion was man-powered using paddle wheels positioned in the spaces between the outer and central hulls. This led to several trials of similar craft on the Forth in the 1780s, and ultimately to the celebrated Dalswinton Loch trials. In 1785 Miller had purchased the Dumfriesshire estate of Dalswinton and commenced a series of experiments on agricultural development and other matters. With the help of William Symington he built a double-hull steamship with internal paddle wheels which was tested on the Loch in 1788. The 7.6 m (25 ft) long ship travelled at 5 mph (8 km/h) on her trials, and according to unsubstantiated tradition carried a group of well-known people including the poet Robert Burns (1759–1796).Miller carried out many more important experiments and in 1796 obtained a patent for the design of shallow-drafted ships able to carry substantial cargo on flat bottoms. His main achievement may have been to stimulate William Symington, who at the beginning of the nineteenth century went on to design and build two of the world's first important steamships, each named Charlotte Dundas, for service on the Forth and Clyde Canal.[br]Further ReadingH.Philip Spratt, 1958, The Birth of the Steamboat, London: Griffiths. W.S.Harvey and G.Downs-Rose, 1980, William Symington, Inventor and EngineBuilder, London: Northgate.F.M.Walker, 1984, Song of the Clyde. A History of Clyde Shipbuilding, Cambridge: PSL.FMW
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